ভাইস প্রিন্সিপাল
মন্নো ইন্টারন্যাশনাল স্কুল এ্যা- কলেজ
E-mail: [email protected]
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থী বন্ধুগণ, গত সংখ্যায় আমরা ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় পত্রের (Question No. 5) Gap filling with correct form of verbs (right form of verbs and subject–verb agreement as per context)–এর গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছু ব্যবহার ও পরীক্ষার উপযোগী উদাহরণ অনুশীলন করেছি।
আজ আমরা ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় পত্রের ((Question No. 6) Changing sentences (change of voice, sentence types, degrees)-এর গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছু নিয়ম আলোচনা করব। মনে রেখ, পরীক্ষায় নির্দিষ্ট একটি পড়হঃবীঃ-এর ৫টি বাক্যকে নির্দেশ মতো পরিবর্তন করতে বলা হবে। পরিবর্তনগুলো হবে তিন ধরনেরঃ
Voice: Active n‡Z Passive A_ev, Passive n‡Z Active; Sentence pattern: Simple, Complex I Compound sentence-Gi cvi¯úwiK cwieZ©b Ges Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative, Imperative, Exclamatory and vice-versa; Degree: Adjective I Adverb-Gi Positive, Comparative I Superlative degree সংক্রান্ত পরিবর্তন। আমরা ধারাবাহিকভাবে নিয়মগুলোর আলোচনা ও ব্যবহার লক্ষ্য করব। মনে রেখ ইংরেজি ভাষার দক্ষতা অর্জনে ঞৎধহংভড়ৎসধঃরড়হ-এর গুরুত্ব অপরিসীম।
TRANSFORMATION: Transformation of a sentence means changing the form of a sentence without changing its meaning or altering its sense. Knowledge of Sentence Transformation helps us to expand our usage skills by testing various ways of presenting a sentence in multiple ways but without changing its actual meaning.
SIMPLIFIED DISCUSSION:: বাক্যের অর্থকে অপরিবর্তিত রেখে গঠনগত পরিবর্তনের প্রক্রিয়াই হল ঞৎধহংভড়ৎসধঃরড়হ ড়ভ ঝবহঃবহপব. ঞৎধহংভড়ৎসধঃরড়হ বিভিন্ন উপায়ে করা যেতে পারে। নিম্নে কিছু নিয়ম আলোকপাত করা হল।
TRANSFORMATION TABLE 1: [AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE]
Affirmative Negative Examples
merely/ only/ alone (e¨w³ eySv‡j) none but A: Allah alone can help us.
N: None but Allah can help us.
only (e¯‘ eySv‡j) nothing but A: Boys may play only football.
N: Boys may play nothing but football.
only (msL¨v/eqm eySv‡j) not more than/ not less than A: He is only four.
N: He is not more than four.
must can not but + V1/ can not help + (V + ing) A: You must do it.
N: You can not but do it.
both … and not only … but also A: The results of the research are both impressive and alarming.
N: The results of the research are not only impressive but also alarming.
and ( if join two words) not only ----- but also A: He is honest and obedient.
N: He is not only honest but also obedient.
every there is no … but/ who … A: Every mother loves her child.
N: There is no mother but loves her child.
as soon as No sooner had … than A: As soon as I walked in the door, the phone rang.
N: No sooner had I walked in the door than the phone rang.
the + Superlative form of an Adjective No other … A: He is the best boy in the class.
N: No other boy in the class is as good as he.
as – as not less – than A: Shiuly was as wise as Ruma.
N: Shiuly was not less wise than Ruma.
Always Never A: Always speak the truth.
N: Never tell a lie.
too … to so … that A: He is too weak to walk.
N: He is so weak that he can not walk.
many not a few A: It happened many years ago.
N: It happened not a few years ago.
a few not many A: I have a few friends.
N: I have not many friends.
much a little A: He has much wealth.
N: He doesn’t have a little money.
using opposite words (kãwUi c~‡e© Aek¨B not e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| A: I shall remember you.
N: I shall not forget you.
Universal truth Gi †ÿ‡Î negative interrogative Ki‡Z n‡e A: The Sun sets in the west.
N: Doesn’t the Sun set in the west?
