সহকারী অধ্যাপক, ইংরেজি বিভাগ
ধনবাড়ী কলেজ, টাঙ্গাইল
E-mail: [email protected]
সুপ্রিয় শিক্ষার্থী বন্ধুরা,
প্রীতি ও শুভেচ্ছা জানবে। আজ আমরা ইংরেজি ২য় পত্রের এ Grammar এর গুরুত্বপূর্ণ item Modifier নিয়ে আলোচনা করছি।
USE OF MODIFIER
যে Word/Phrase Noun এর পূর্বে অথবা পরে বসে উক্ত ঘড়ঁহ কে গড়ফরভু করে অর্থাৎ উক্ত ঘড়ঁহ এর দোষ, গুণ, সংখ্যা, অবস্থান অথবা উক্ত ঘড়ঁহ সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত কোন তথ্য প্রদান করে তাকে গড়ফরভরবৎ বলে।
যে গড়ফরভরবৎ ঘড়ঁহ এর পূর্বে বসে তাকে চৎব গড়ফরভরবৎ এবং যে গড়ফরভরবৎ ঘড়ঁহ এর পরে বসে তাকে চড়ংঃ গড়ফরভরবৎ বলে।
Different types of Pre and Post Modifier:
(i) Adjective
(ii) Participle (Present and Past)
(iii) Noun
(iv) Noun adjective
(v) Determiner
(vi) Possessive
(vii) Adverb
(viii) Infinitive
(ix) Prepositional phrase
(x) Appositive
Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Most of the people in (a) ____ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country do not know the importance of English, (b) ____ (Post-modify the noun with an appositive). In fact, it is an (c) _____ (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) language and we are living in a global village. So, if you know English (d) ____ (post-modify the verb with an adverb), you can communicate with (e) ___ (use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) rest of the world. It is surely an important element of your (f) ___ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) skill. Without Knowledge of English, you cannot complete (g) ____ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) higher studies because most of the books are written in English. Poor Knowledge of English will also hamper your (h) ___ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) development. In short, if you do not have a good command over English, you will suffer (i) ____ (Post –modify the verb with prepositional phrase/adverbial) of your life. So, don’t waste your time and try to learn English (j) ___ (Post modify the verb with an adverb) from today.
Answer: (a) Our (b) the most important language in the world (c) international (d) well (e) the (f) communication (g) your (h) career (i) in every step (j) attentively.
Bs‡iwR 2q c‡Îi Important item Transformation of sentence Ges Preposition Gi e¨envi wb‡q Av‡jvPbv KiwQ|
TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES
A‡_©i cwieZ©b bv NwU‡q GKwU Sentence †K Ab¨ Av‡iKwU Sentence G cwieZ©b KivB n‡jv Transformations of sentence ev Changing Sentence. †hgb: Affirmative: The girl is honest. (†g‡qwU mr)
Negative: The girl is not dishonest. (†g‡qwU Amr bq)
Note: GLv‡b sentence iƒ‡ci cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q A‡_©i †Kvb cwieZ©b nqwb| honest Gi Antonym ‘dishonest’ e¨envi K‡i A_©‡K wVK ivLv n‡q‡Q|
wcªq wkÿv_©x, †Zvgv‡`i Avev‡iv ejwQ Grammar Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU item G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| Transformation of sentence Gi mv‡_I i‡q‡Q Synonym, Antonym, clause, parts of speech, verb Gi wewfbœ iƒc mn Tense Gi wbweo m¤úK©|
Read the text and change the sentences as directed.
(a) Poverty is the greatest problem in our country. (make it positive) But we hardly realize that this miserable condition is our own creation.
(b) Many people do not try to better their conditions by hard labour. (Make it compound)
(c) They only curse their fate. (Make it passive) But this is not reality.
(d) It is man who is the maker of his own fortune. (Make it simple) So, they should work hard to improve their lot.
(e) By working hard, they can remove their poverty (Make it negative)
Answer:
(a) No other problem in our country is as great as poverty.
(b) Many people do not try hard and better their condition.
(c) Their fate is only cursed by them.
(d) Man is the maker of his own fortune.
(e) Without working hard, they can’t remove their poverty.
COMPLETE THE TEXT WITH SUITABLE PREPOSITIONS.
Man is fond (a) ____ turning back from the present to the past again and again. Nothing is more pleasant (b) ___ him than memories of his childhood. Whenever I am sick of the present, I try to get relief (c) ___ the past day of my childhood. A man can not remember every thing that happened in his childhood. But certain events are stored in the sub-conscious mind. They sometime peep (d) __ minds eye. My play ground was the bank of the mighty Teesta. In all the seasons this river had great attraction (e)___ me. Whenever I was not (f) __ home. I could be found (g) __ its bank. There would be other children also (h) ___ me. We Used to row on the river, jum (i) ___ it and swim (j) __.
Answer:
(a) of (b) to (c) in (d) through (e) for (f) at (g) on (h) with (i) into (j) in
